As 'n gespesialiseerde verskaffer vir die stroomop olie- en gasbedryf, bied ons 'n omvattende reeks API 5CT-omhulsels en -buise wat ontwerp is vir hoëdruk-, hoëtemperatuur- (HPHT) en korrosiewe putomgewings. Ons voorraad fokus op hoësterkte en korrosiebestande legerings (CRA), insluitend L80 (13Cr) vir CO- weerstand 2 en P110 vir diep-put hoë-instorting vereistes.
Ons ondersteun 'n verskeidenheid verbindingstipes, wat wissel van standaard API-drade (STC, LTC, BTC) tot Premium Connections wat ontwerp is vir gasdigte integriteit in horisontale en buitelandse toepassings. Elke las word onder streng gehaltebeheer vervaardig, wat metallurgiese stabiliteit vir suurdiens (H2S) en hoë-wringkrag-operasies verseker.
Standaarde: API SPEC 5CT (Nuutste uitgawe).
Hoofgrade: J55, K55, N80-1, N80-Q, L80-1, P110 en 13Cr.
Verbindings: BTC, STC, LTC en Premium Gas-digte verbindings.
Toets en kwaliteit: Volle nakoming van driftoetsing, hidrostatiese toetsing en elektromagnetiese inspeksie (EMI) om 100% strukturele integriteit te verseker.
Tegniese Gids: Verstaan die voordele van 13 Chrome (13Cr) buispyp
'n Noodsaaklike oorsig van metallurgiese eienskappe en prestasievoordele in CO - 2 omgewings.
13Cr-nakoming: Navigeer die API 5CT vs. NACE MR0175-hardheidsval
Kritiese insigte vir gehaltebeheer oor die balansering van hardheidvereistes tussen standaard API en suurdiensspesifikasies.
Materiaalkeuse-ekonomie: 13Cr vs. Super 13Cr vs. Inhibited Carbon Steel
'n Koste-voordeel-analise vir boorputvoltooiingsbestuurders wat kies tussen korrosiebestande legerings en chemiese inhibisie.
Beyond API 5CT: Verstaan die NACE MR0175 'Cliff Edge' vir 13Cr & Duplex
Tegniese limiete van 13Cr en Duplex vlekvrye staal in hoë-chloried en hoë-temperatuur omgewings.
Veldmislukking-forensiese ondersoek: Voorkoming van L80-13Cr-pitvorming en skroefdraad
Beste praktyke vir die hantering en bestuur van 13Cr-buise om duur boorgatfoute en verbindingskade te vermy.
Projekgevallestudie: 1,4 1/2' 13 Chrome Tubing Supply for Africa Energy Project
Werklike uitvoering van grootskaalse 13Cr voltooiing string logistiek en gehalteversekering.
Toepassing van omhulsel en buise
Olieomhulsel-staalpype is gespesialiseerde pype wat in die olie- en gasbedryf gebruik word vir die boor, voltooiing en vervaardiging van olie- en aardgasputte, wat tipies van hoësterkte-koolstof- of legeringstaal gemaak word en in verskillende groottes en afmetings kom om by verskillende putspesifikasies te pas.
Staalpype met oliebuise is 'n tipe staalpyp wat ontwerp is vir die ontginning van olie en gas uit putte, wat veral in die produksiefase van olie- en aardgasputte gebruik word, met kleiner deursnee in vergelyking met omhulselpype. Buispype word binne-in omhulselpype geïnstalleer en strek vanaf die putkop tot by die bodem van die put, en dien as leipype vir die vervoer van olie, aardgas en ander vloeistowwe.

Spesifikasies van omhulsels
OD: 4,5'' tot 20''
Graad: J55, K55, N80, L80, P110, Q125, V150, L80-1Cr, L80-3Cr, L80-9Cr, L80-13Cr
Standaard: API 5CT
Verbinding: P (Plain end), STC (kort drade), LTC (lang drade), BTC (stutdrade), premium verbinding
Lengte: Reeks 3
Produkspesifikasievlak: PSL1, PSL2, PSL3
Spesifikasies van buise
OD: 1,9'' tot 4,5''
Graad: J55, K55, N80, L80, P110, Q125, V150, L80-1Cr, L80-3Cr, L80-9Cr, L80-13Cr
Standaard: API 5CT
Verbinding: Nie-ontsteld eindig (NUE), Eksterne ontstel eindig (EUE) premium verbinding
Lengte: Reeks 2
Produkspesifikasievlak: PSL1, PSL2, PSL3
Kleurring op omhulsel en buis

Swaelkorrosiebestande en hoë ineenstortende omhulsel en buise
Swaelkorrosiebestande en hoog-ineenstortende omhulsels en buise is gespesialiseerde materiale wat in die olie- en gasbedryf gebruik word, veral in omgewings waar hoë vlakke swael teenwoordig is. Hierdie materiale word tipies gemaak van spesiale legerings wat hoogs bestand is teen korrosie in die teenwoordigheid van swaelverbindings. Algemene legerings sluit in chroom, nikkel en molibdeen.
Grade Chrome-omhulsel en -buise: 1cr, 3cr, 9cr, 13cr, super 13cr (chroom, 1%cr, 3%cr, 9%cr, 13%)
Grade van swael korrosiebestande omhulsel en buise: 80SS, 95SS, 100SS, 110SS
Grade van hoë ineenstortende omhulsel en buise: 80HC, 95HC, 110HC, 125HC, 140HC
*op tegniese ooreenkoms met kliënte om aan verskillende vraag na materiaal te voldoen

GOST-omhulsel en buise
GOST-standaard (GOST 632, GOST 633, GOST 8645) is standaard van omhulsel en buise wat hoofsaaklik deur middel-Asiatiese lande gebruik word.


Verbinding:
Omhulsel: OTTM&OTTG
Buis: NU&EU


Produksieproses van omhulselpyp

Produksieproses van buispyp

Chemiese samestelling
| Tabel C.4—Chemiese samestelling, massafraksie (%) | ||||||||||||||
| Graad | Tik | C | Mn | Ma | Kr | Ni | Cu | P | S | Si | ||||
| min | maks | min | maks | min | maks | min | maks | maks | maks | maks | maks | maks | ||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
| H40 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.030 | - |
| J55 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.030 | - |
| K55 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.030 | - |
| N80 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.030 | 0.030 | - |
| N80 | V | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.030 | 0.030 | - |
| R95 | - | - | 0,45C | - | 1.90 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.45 |
| L80 | 1 | - | 0,43A | - | 1.90 | - | - | - | - | 0.25 | 0.35 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.45 |
| L80 | 9 Kr | — | 0.15 | 0.30 | 0.60 | 0.90 | 1.10 | 8.00 | 10.00 | 0.50 | 0.25 | 0.020 | 0.030 | 1.00 |
| L80 | 13 Kr | 0.15 | 0.22 | 0.25 | 1.00 | - | - | 12.0 | 14.0 | 0.50 | 0.25 | 0.020 | 0.030 | 1.00 |
| C90 | 1 | - | 0.35 | - | 1.20 | 0.2b | 0.85 | - | 1.50 | 0.99 | - | 0.020 | 0.030 | - |
| T95 | 1 | - | 0.35 | - | 1.20 | 0.2b | 0.85 | 0.40 | 1.50 | 0.99 | - | 0.020 | 0.030 | - |
| C110 | - | - | 0.35 | - | 1.20 | 0.25 | 1.00 | 0.40 | 1.50 | 0.99 | - | 0.020 | 0.030 | - |
| P110 | e | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0,030e | 0,030 e | - |
| V125 | 1 | - | 0.35 | - | 1.35 | - | 0.85 | - | 1.50 | 0.99 | - | 0.020 | 0.010 | - |
| LET WEL Elemente wat gewys word, sal in produkontleding gerapporteer word | ||||||||||||||
| a. Die koolstofinhoud vir L80 kan tot 0.50 %maksimum verhoog word indien die produk olie-geblus of polimeer-geblus is b. Die molibdeeninhoud vir Graad C90 Tipe 1 het geen minimum toleransie as die wanddikte minder as 17.78 mm is nie. c. Die koolstofinhoud vir R95 kan tot 0,55 %maksimum verhoog word indien die produk met olie geblust is d. Die molibdeeninhoud vir T95 Tipe 1 kan tot 0.15 %minimum verminder word indien die wanddikte minder as 17.78 mm is e. Vir EW Graad P110 sal die fosforinhoud 0.020 %maksimum wees en die swaelinhoud 0.010 %maksimum. |
||||||||||||||
Meganiese eienskappe
| Tabel C.5—Trek- en hardheidvereistes | |||||||||
| Graad | Tik | Totale verlenging onder las |
Opbrengssterkte MPa |
Treksterkte min MPa |
Hardheid a,c maks |
Gespesifiseerde Wal- dikte |
Toelaatbare hardheidvariasie b |
||
| min | maks | MRK | HBW | mm | MRK | ||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| H40 | 0.5 | 276 | 552 | 414 | — | ||||
| J55 | — | 0.5 | 379 | 552 | 517 | — | — | ||
| K55 | 0.5 | 379 | 552 | 655 | |||||
| N80 N80 |
1 V |
0.5 0.5 |
552 552 |
758 758 |
689 689 |
— |
一 — | — |
一 |
| R95 | —— | 0.5 | 655 | 758 | 724 | — | — | — | — |
| L80 L80 L80 |
1 9Kr 13Kr |
0.5 0.5 0.5 |
552 552 552 |
655 655 655 |
655 655 655 |
23.0 23.0 23.0 |
241 241 241 |
—— — |
— |
| C90 | 1 | 0.5 | 621 | 724 | 689 | 25.4 | 255 | ≤12,70 12,71 tot 19,04 19,05 tot 25,39 ≥25,40 |
3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 |
| T95 | 1 | 0.5 | 655 | 758 | 724 | 25.4 | 255 | ≤12,7 12,71 tot 19,04 19,05 tot 25,39 ≥25,40 |
3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 |
| C110 | 0.7 | 758 | 828 | 793 | 30 | 286 | ≤12,70 12,71 tot 19,04 19,05 tot 25,39 ≥25,40 |
3.0 .0 5.0 6.0 |
|
| P110 | 0.6 | 758 | 965 | 862 | |||||
| V125 | 1 | 0.65 |
862 |
1034 |
931 |
b | ≤12,70 12,71 tot 19,04 19.05 |
3.0 4.0 5.0 |
|
| a. In geval van dispuut, sal laboratorium Rockwell C-hardheidstoetsing as die skeidsregter-metode gebruik word . b. Geen hardheidsperke word gespesifiseer nie, maar die maksimum variasie word beperk as 'n vervaardigingskontrole in ooreenstemming met 7.8 en 7.9 c. Vir deurmuur-hardheidstoetse van graad L80(alle tipes),C90,T95 en C110, is die vereistes wat in MRC-skaal gestel word vir maksimum gemiddelde hardheidgetal. |
|||||||||
| Spesifikasie (in) |
Gewig (Ib/ft) |
buitedeursnee ( in) |
Muurdikte ( in) |
Dryfdeursnee ( in) |
PlainEnd Wpe (Ib/ft) |
Tipe pyp eindafwerking | |||||||
| J55/K55 | M65 | L80/R95 | N80 | C90/T95 | C110 | P110 | V125 | ||||||
| 4.5 | 9.5 | 4.5 | 0.205 | 3.965 | 9.41 | PS | PS | ||||||
| 10.5 | 4.5 | 0.224 | 3.927 | 10.24 | PSB | PSB | |||||||
| 11.6 | 4.5 | 0.25 | 3.875 | 11.36 | PSLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | P | PLB | ||
| 13.5 | 4.5 | 0.29 | 3.795 | 13.05 | PLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | P | PLB | |||
| 15.1 | 4.5 | 0.337 | 3.701 | 15 | PLB | PLB | |||||||
| 5 | 11.5 | 5 | 0.22 | 4.435 | 11.24 | PS | PS | ||||||
| 13 | 5 | 0.253 | 4.369 | 12.84 | PSLB | PSLB | |||||||
| 15 | 5 | 0.296 | 4.283 | 14.88 | PSLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | P | PLB | ||
| 18 | 5 | 0.362 | 4.151 | 17.95 | PLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | P | PLB | PLB | ||
| 21.4 | 5 | 0.437 | 4.001 | 21.32 | PLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | P | PLB | PLB | ||
| 23.2 | 5 | 0.478 | 3.919 | 23.11 | PLB | PLB | PLB | P | PLB | PLB | |||
| 24.1 | 5 | 0.5 | 3.875 | 24.05 | PLB | PLB | PLB | P | PLB | PLB | |||
| 5.5 | 14 | 5.5 | 0.224 | 4.887 | 13.71 | PS | PS | ||||||
| 15.5 | 5.5 | 0.275 | 4.825 | 15.36 | PSLB | PSLB | |||||||
| 17 | 5.5 | 0.304 | 4.767 | 16.89 | PSLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | P | PLB | ||
| 20 | 5.5 | 0.361 | 4.653 | 19.83 | PLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | P | PLB | |||
| 23 | 5.5 | 0.415 | 4.545 | 22.56 | PLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | P | PLB | PLB | ||
| 26.8 | 5.5 | 0.5 | 4.375 | 26.72 | P | P | |||||||
| 29.7 | 5.5 | 0.562 | 4.251 | 29.67 | P | P | |||||||
| 6.625 | 20 | 6.625 | 0.228 | 5.924 | 19.51 | PSLB | PSLB | ||||||
| 24 | 6.625 | 0.352 | 5.796 | 23.6 | PSLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | P | PLB | ||
| 28 | 6.625 | 0.417 | 5.666 | 27.67 | PLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | P | PLB | |||
| 32 | 6.625 | 0.475 | 5.55 | 31.23 | PLB | PLB | PLB | P | PLB | PLB | |||
| 7 | 17 | 7 | 0.231 | 6.413 | 16.72 | ||||||||
| 20 | 7 | 0.272 | 6.331 | 19.56 | PS | PS | |||||||
| 23 | 7 | 0.317 | 6.241 | 22.65 | PSLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | P | |||
| 26 | 7 | 0.362 | 6.151 | 25.69 | PSLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | P | PLB | ||
| 29 | 7 | 0.408 | 6.059 | 28.75 | PLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | P | PLB | |||
| 32 | 7 | 0.453 | 5.969 | 31.7 | PLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | P | PLB | |||
| 35 | 7 | 0.498 | 5.879 | 34.61 | PLB | PLB | PLB | P | PLB | PLB | |||
| 38 | 7 | 0.54 | 5.795 | 37.29 | PLB | PLB | PLB | P | PLB | PLB | |||
| 7.625 | 24 | 7.625 | 0.3 | 6.9 | 23.49 | ||||||||
| 26.2 | 7.625 | 0.328 | 6.844 | 25.59 | PSLB | PSLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | P | |||
| 29.7 | 7.625 | 0.375 | 6.75 | 29.06 | PLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | P | PLB | |||
| 33.7 | 7.625 | 0.43 | 6.64 | 33.07 | PLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | P | PLB | |||
| 39 | 7.625 | 0.5 | 6.5 | 38.08 | PLB | PLB | PLB | P | PLB | PLB | |||
| 42.8 | 7.625 | 0.562 | 6.376 | 42.43 | PLB | PLB | PLB | P | PLB | PLB | |||
| 45.3 | 7.625 | 0.595 | 6.31 | 44.71 | PLB | PLB | PLB | P | PLB | PLB | |||
| 7.75 | 46.1 | 7.75 | 0.595 | 6.435 | 45.51 | P | P | P | P | P | P | ||
| Spesifikasie (in) |
Gewig (s/v) |
Buite deursnee (in) |
Muurdikte ( in) |
Dryfdeursnee ( in) |
Plain End Wpe (Ib/ft) |
Tipe pyp eindafwerking | |||||||
| J55/K55 | M65 | L80/R95 | N80 | C90/T95 | C110 | P110 | V125 | ||||||
| 8.625 | 24 | 8.625 | 0.264 | 7.972 | 23.60 | PS | PS | ||||||
| 28 | 8.625 | 0.304 | 7.892 | 27.04 | PS | ||||||||
| 32 | 8.625 | 0.352 | 7.796 | 31.13 | PSLB | PSLB | |||||||
| 36 | 8.625 | 0.4 | 7.7 | 35.17 | PSLB | PSLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | P | |||
| 40 | 8.625 | 0.45 | 7.6 | 39.33 | PLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | P | PLB | |||
| 44 | 8.625 | 0.5 | 7.5 | 43.43 | PLB | PLB | PLB | P | PLB | ||||
| 49 | 8.625 | 0.557 | 7.286 | 48.04 | PLB | PLB | PLB | P | PLB | PLB | |||
| 9.625 | 32.3 | 9.625 | 0.312 | 8.845 | 31.06 | ||||||||
| 36 | 9.625 | 0.352 | 8.765 | 34.89 | PSLB | PSLB | |||||||
| 40 | 9.625 | 0.395 | 8.679 | 38.97 | PSLB | PSLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | P | |||
| 43.5 | 9.625 | 0.435 | 8.599 | 42.37 | PLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | P | PLB | |||
| 47 | 9.625 | 0.472 | 8.525 | 46.18 | PLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | P | PLB | PLB | ||
| 53.5 | 9.625 | 0.545 | 8.379 | 52.90 | PLB | PLB | PLB | P | PLB | PLB | |||
| 58.4 | 9.625 | 0.595 | 8.279 | 57.44 | PLB | PLB | PLB | P | PLB | PLB | |||
| 10.75 | 32.75 | 10.75 | 0.279 | 10.036 | 31.23 | ||||||||
| 40.5 | 10.75 | 0.35 | 9.894 | 38.91 | PSB | PSB | |||||||
| 45.5 | 10.75 | 0.4 | 9.794 | 44.26 | PSB | PSB | |||||||
| 51 | 10.75 | 0.45 | 9.694 | 49.55 | PSB | PSB | PSB | PSB | PSB | P | PSB | ||
| 55.5 | 10.75 | 0.495 | 9.604 | 54.26 | PSB | PSB | PSB | PSB | P | PSB | |||
| 60.7 | 10.75 | 0.545 | 9.504 | 59.46 | PSB | P | PSB | PSB | |||||
| 65.7 | 10.75 | 0.595 | 9.404 | 64.59 | PSB | P | PSB | PSB | |||||
| 11.75 | 42 | 11.75 | 0.333 | 10.928 | 40.64 | ||||||||
| 47 | 11.75 | 0.375 | 10.844 | 45.60 | PSB | PSB | |||||||
| 54 | 11.75 | 0.435 | 10.724 | 52.62 | PSB | PSB | |||||||
| 60 | 11.75 | 0.489 | 10.616 | 58.87 | PSB | PSB | PSB | PSB | PSB | P | PSB | PSB | |
| 65 | 11.75 | 0.534 | 10.526 | 64.03 | P | P | P | P | P | P | |||
| 71 | 11.75 | 0.582 | 10.43 | 69.48 | P | P | P | P | P | P | |||
| 13.375 | 48 | 13.375 | 0.33 | 12.559 | 46.02 | ||||||||
| 54.5 | 13.375 | 0.38 | 12.459 | 52.79 | PSB | PSB | |||||||
| 61 | 13.375 | 0.43 | 12.359 | 59.50 | PSB | PSB | |||||||
| 68 | 13.375 | 0.48 | 12.259 | 66.17 | PSB | PSB | PSB | PSB | PSB | P | PSB | ||
| 72 | 13.375 | 0.514 | 12.191 | 70.67 | PSB | PSB | PSB | P | PSB | PSB | |||
| 16 | 65 | 16 | 0.375 | 15.062 | 62.64 | ||||||||
| 75 | 16 | 0.438 | 14.936 | 72.86 | PSB | PSB | |||||||
| 84 | 16 | 0.495 | 14.822 | 82.05 | PSB | PSB | |||||||
| 109 | 16 | 0.656 | 14.5 | 107.6 | P | P | P | P | P | ||||
| 18.625 | 87.5 | 18.625 | 0.435 | 17.567 | 84.59 | PSB | PSB | ||||||
| 20 | 94 | 20 | 0.438 | 18.936 | 91.59 | PSLB | PSLB | ||||||
| 106.5 | 20 | 0.5 | 18.812 | 104.23 | PSLB | PSLB | |||||||
| 133 | 20 | 0.635 | 18.542 | 131.45 | PSLB | ||||||||
| Etikette | Nominale lineêre massas | Dikte (in) |
Tipe eindafwerking | ||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | OD (in) |
Nie-ontstelde T&V (Ib/ft) |
Ext.upset T&C (lb/t) |
Geïntegreerde gewrig (lb/v) |
H40 | J55 | L80/R95 | N80 Tipe1.Q |
C90 | T95 | P110 | |||
| NU T&C |
EU T&V |
IJ | |||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
| 1.05 | 1.14 | 1.2 | 1.050 | 1.14 | 1.2 | 0.113 | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | |||
| 1.48 | 1.54 | 1.050 | 1.48 | 1.54 | 0.154 | PU | PU | PU | PU | PU | PU | PU | |||
| 1.315 | 1.7 | 1.80 | 1.72 | 1.315 | 1.7 | 1.80 | 1.72 | 0.133 | PNUI | PNUI | PNUI | PNUI | PNUI | PNUI | |
| 2.19 | 2.24 | 1.315 | 2.19 | 2.24 | 0.179 | PU | PU | PU | PU | PU | PU | PU | |||
| 1.66 | 2.09 | 2.10 | 1.66 | 2.10 | 0.125 | PI | PI | PI | PI | PI | PI | PI | |||
| 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.33 | 1.66 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.33 | 0.14 | PNUI | PNUI | PNUI | PNUI | PNUI | PNUI | PNUI | |
| 3.03 | 3.07 | 1.66 | 3.03 | 3.07 | 0.191 | PU | PU | PU | PU | PU | PU | PU | |||
| 1.9 | 2.4 | 2.40 | 1.9 | 2.40 | 0.125 | PI | PI | PI | PI | PI | PI | PI | |||
| 2.75 | 2.9 | 2.76 | 1.9 | 2.75 | 2.9 | 2.76 | 0.145 | PNUI | PNUI | PNUI | PNUI | PNUI | PNUI | PNUI | |
| 3.65 | 3.73 | 1.9 | 3.65 | 3.73 | 0.2 | PU | PU | PU | PU | PU | PU | PU | |||
| 4.42 | 1.9 | 4.42 | 0.25 | ||||||||||||
| 5.15 | 1.9 | 5.15 | 0.3 | ||||||||||||
| 2.063 | 3.24 | 3.25 | 2.063 | 3.25 | 0.156 | PI | PI | PI | PI | PI | PI | PI | |||
| 4.50 | 2.063 | 0.225 | P | P | P | P | P | P | P | ||||||
| 2-3/8 | 4 | 2.375 | 4 | 0.167 | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | |||||
| 4.6 | 4.7 | 2.375 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 0.19 | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | |||
| 5.8 | 5.95 | 2.375 | 5.8 | 5.95 | 0.254 | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | |||||
| 6.6 | 2.375 | 6.6 | 0.295 | P | P | P | |||||||||
| 7.35 | 7.45 | 2.375 | 7.35 | 7.45 | 0.336 | PU | PU | PU | |||||||
| 2-7/8 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 2.875 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 0.217 | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | ||
| 7.8 | 7.9 | 2.875 | 7.8 | 7.9 | 0.276 | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | |||||
| 8.6 | 8.7 | 2.875 | 8.6 | 8.7 | 0.308 | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | |||||
| 9.35 | 9.45 | 2.875 | 9.35 | 9.45 | 0.34 | PU | PU | PU | |||||||
| 10.5 | 2.875 | 10.5 | 0.392 | P | P | P | |||||||||
| 11.5 | 2.875 | 11.5 | 0.44 | P | P | P | |||||||||
| 3-1/2 | 7.7 | 3.5 | 7.7 | 0.216 | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | |||||
| 9.2 | 9.3 | 3.5 | 9.2 | 9.3 | 0.254 | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | |||
| 10.2 | 3.5 | 10.2 | 0.289 | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | ||||||
| 12.7 | 12.95 | 3.5 | 12.7 | 12.95 | 0.375 | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | |||||
| 14.3 | 3.5 | 14.3 | 0.43 | P | P | P | |||||||||
| 15.5 | 3.5 | 15.5 | 0.476 | P | P | P | |||||||||
| 17 | 3.5 | 17 | 0.53 | P | P | P | |||||||||
| 4-1/2 | 9.5 | 4 | 9.5 | 0.226 | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | |||||
| 10.7 | 11 | 4 | 11 | 0.262 | PU | PU | PU | PU | PU | PU | |||||
| 13.2 | 4 | 13.2 | 0.33 | P | P | P | |||||||||
| 16.1 | 4 | 16.1 | 0.415 | P | P | P | |||||||||
| 18.9 | 4 | 18.9 | 0.5 | P | P | P | |||||||||
| 22.2 | 4 | 22.2 | 0.61 | P | P | P | |||||||||
| 12.6 | 12.75 | 4.5 | 12.6 | 12.75 | 0.271 | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | ||||
| 15.2 | 4.5 | 15.2 | 0.337 | P | P | P | |||||||||
| 17 | 4.5 | 17 | 0.38 | P | P | P | |||||||||
| 18.9 | 4.5 | 18.9 | 0.43 | P | P | P | |||||||||
| 21.5 | 4.5 | 21.5 | 0.5 | P | P | P | |||||||||
| 23.7 | 4.5 | 23.7 | 0.56 | P | P | P | |||||||||
| 26.1 | 4.5 | 26.1 | 0.63 | P | P | P | |||||||||
Brinell-hardheidstoetser
Hardheidtoetsing meet die hardheid van die materiaal, wat belangrik is om die weerstand teen vervorming en slytasie te bepaal.