Mar sholáthraí speisialaithe don tionscal ola agus gáis in aghaidh an tsrutha, cuirimid raon cuimsitheach de Chásáil agus Feadánra API 5CT atá deartha le haghaidh timpeallachtaí ardbhrú, ardteochta (HPHT) agus tobair creimneach. Díríonn ár bhfardal ar chóimhiotail ard-neart agus creimeadh-resistant (CRA), lena n-áirítear L80 (13Cr) le haghaidh C O agus 2 frithsheasmhachta P110 le haghaidh riachtanais ard-titim go domhain.
Tacaímid le cineálacha éagsúla nasc, ó shnáitheanna caighdeánacha API (STC, LTC, BTC) go Nascanna Préimh a ndearnadh innealtóireacht orthu le haghaidh sláine gás-daingean in iarratais chothrománacha agus amach ón gcósta. Déantar gach comhpháirteach a mhonarú faoi rialú cáilíochta dian, ag cinntiú cobhsaíocht mhiotaleolaíocht le haghaidh seirbhíse géar (H2S) agus oibríochtaí ard-chasmhóiminte.
Caighdeáin: API SPEC 5CT (Eagrán is déanaí).
Príomhghráid: J55, K55, N80-1, N80-Q, L80-1, P110, agus 13Cr.
Naisc: BTC, STC, LTC, agus Naisc Préimh Gáis-Tight.
Tástáil & Cáilíocht: Comhlíonadh iomlán le Tástáil Drift, Tástáil Hidreastatach, agus Iniúchadh Leictreamaighnéadach (EMI) chun sláine struchtúrach 100% a chinntiú.
Treoir Theicniúil: Na Buntáistí a bhaineann le 13 Píob Feadánra Chrome (13Cr) a Thuiscint
Forbhreathnú riachtanach ar airíonna metallurgical agus buntáistí feidhmíochta i CO dtimpeallachtaí 2 .
Comhlíonadh 13Cr: Ag nascleanúint an API 5CT vs. Gaiste Cruas NACE MR0175
Léargais chriticiúla maidir le rialú cáilíochta ar riachtanais chruas a chothromú idir API caighdeánach agus specs seirbhíse géar.
Eacnamaíocht Roghnú Ábhar: 13Cr vs Super 13Cr vs Cruach Carbóin Cosc
Anailís costais is tairbhe do bhainisteoirí toibreacha críochnaithe ag roghnú idir cóimhiotail atá frith-chreimeadh agus cosc ceimiceach.
Beyond API 5CT: Tuiscint ar 'Cliff Edge' NACE MR0175 le haghaidh 13Cr & Duplex
Teorainneacha teicniúla de steels dhosmálta 13Cr agus Duplex i dtimpeallachtaí ard-clóiríd agus ardteochta.
Fóiréinsic Teip Allamuigh: Cosc a chur ar L80-13Cr Pitting and Thread Galling
Dea-chleachtais maidir le feadáin 13Cr a láimhseáil agus a rith chun teipeanna costasacha tollphoill agus damáiste ceangail a sheachaint.
Cás-Staidéar ar an Tionscadal: 1.4 1/2' 13 Soláthar Feadánra Chrome don Afraic Tionscadal Fuinnimh
Forghníomhú fíor-domhan de lóistíocht sreang críochnaithe 13Cr ar scála mór agus dearbhú cáilíochta.
Feidhmiú Cásála & Feadáin
Is píopaí speisialaithe iad píopaí cruach chásála ola a úsáidtear sa tionscal ola agus gáis chun toibreacha ola agus gáis nádúrtha a dhruileáil, a chomhlánú agus a tháirgeadh, a dhéantar de ghnáth as cruach carbóin nó cóimhiotail ard-neart agus a thagann i méideanna agus toisí éagsúla chun freastal ar shonraíochtaí tobair éagsúla.
Is cineál píopa cruach é píopaí cruach feadáin ola atá deartha chun ola agus gáis a bhaint as toibreacha, a úsáidtear go háirithe i gcéim táirgthe toibreacha ola agus gáis nádúrtha, le trastomhais níos lú i gcomparáid le píopaí casála. Suiteáiltear píopaí feadáin taobh istigh de phíobáin chásála agus síneann siad ón tobar go bun an tobair, feidhmíonn siad mar seoladáin chun ola, gás nádúrtha agus sreabhán eile a iompar.

Sonraíochtaí Cásálacha
OD: 4.5'' go 20''
Grád: J55, K55, N80, L80, P110, Q125, V150, L80-1Cr, L80-3Cr, L80-9Cr, L80-13Cr
Caighdeán: API 5CT
Ceangal: P(Deireadh plain), STC (snáitheanna gearra), LTC (snáitheanna fada), BTC (snáitheanna buttress), nasc préimhe
Fad: Raon3
Leibhéal Sonraíochta Táirge: PSL1, PSL2, PSL3
Sonraíochtaí Feadáin
OD: 1.9'' go 4.5''
Grád: J55, K55, N80, L80, P110, Q125, V150, L80-1Cr, L80-3Cr, L80-9Cr, L80-13Cr
Caighdeán: API 5CT
Ceangal: Foircinn neamh-trína chéile (NUE), foircinn suaite seachtracha (EUE) nasc préimhe
Fad: Raon2
Leibhéal Sonraíochta Táirge: PSL1, PSL2, PSL3
Fáinne Datha ar Chásáil & Feadánra

Frithsheasmhach in aghaidh Creimeadh Sulfair & Cásáil agus Feadánáil Ard-Lacaithe
Is ábhair speisialaithe iad a úsáidtear sa tionscal ola agus gáis sa tionscal ola agus gáis, go háirithe i dtimpeallachtaí ina bhfuil leibhéil arda sulfair i láthair, iad cásáil agus feadánra atá resistant creimeadh sulfair agus ard-titim. De ghnáth déantar na hábhair seo ó chóimhiotail speisialta atá an-resistant do chreimeadh i láthair comhdhúile sulfair. Áirítear le cóimhiotail choitianta cróimiam, nicil, agus moluibdín.
Gráid Chásála & Feadáin Chrome: 1cr, 3cr, 9cr, 13cr, sár-13cr (chrome, 1%cr, 3%cr, 9%cr, 13%)
Gráid Chásáil & Feadánra Frithchreimeadh Sulfair: 80SS, 95SS, 100SS, 110SS
Gráid Chásála & Feadáin Ard-Léim: 80HC, 95HC, 110HC, 125HC, 140HC
*ar chomhaontú teicniúil le cliaint chun freastal ar éileamh éagsúil ar ábhar

Cásáil & Feadánra GOST
Is é caighdeán GOST (GOST 632, GOST 633, GOST 8645) caighdeán na casála agus feadáin a úsáidtear go príomha i dtíortha na hÁise Láir.


Ceangal:
Cásáil: OTTM&OTTG
Feadánra: NU&EU


Próiseas Táirgthe Píobáin Cásála

Próiseas Táirgthe Píobáin Feadáin

Comhdhéanamh Ceimiceach
| Tábla C.4 – Comhdhéanamh Ceimiceach,Mais-chodán (%) | ||||||||||||||
| Grád | Cineál | c | Mn | Mo | Cr | Ni | Cu | p | S | Si | ||||
| nóim | uas | nóim | uas | nóim | uas | nóim | uas | uas | uas | uas | uas | uas | ||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
| H40 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.030 | - |
| J55 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.030 | - |
| K55 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.030 | - |
| N80 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.030 | 0.030 | - |
| N80 | C | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.030 | 0.030 | - |
| R95 | - | - | 0.45C | - | 1.90 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.45 |
| L80 | 1 | - | 0. 43A | - | 1.90 | - | - | - | - | 0.25 | 0.35 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.45 |
| L80 | 9Cr | — | 0.15 | 0.30 | 0.60 | 0.90 | 1.10 | 8.00 | 10.00 | 0.50 | 0.25 | 0.020 | 0.030 | 1.00 |
| L80 | 13Cr | 0.15 | 0.22 | 0.25 | 1.00 | - | - | 12.0 | 14.0 | 0.50 | 0.25 | 0.020 | 0.030 | 1.00 |
| C90 | 1 | - | 0.35 | - | 1.20 | 0.2b | 0.85 | - | 1.50 | 0.99 | - | 0.020 | 0.030 | - |
| T95 | 1 | - | 0.35 | - | 1.20 | 0.2b | 0.85 | 0.40 | 1.50 | 0.99 | - | 0.020 | 0.030 | - |
| C110 | - | - | 0.35 | - | 1.20 | 0.25 | 1.00 | 0.40 | 1.50 | 0.99 | - | 0.020 | 0.030 | - |
| P110 | e | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.030e | 0.030 r | - |
| Q125 | 1 | - | 0.35 | - | 1.35 | - | 0.85 | - | 1.50 | 0.99 | - | 0.020 | 0.010 | - |
| TABHAIR FAOI DEARA Déanfar na heilimintí a thaispeántar a thuairisciú san anailís táirge | ||||||||||||||
| a. Féadfar an cion carbóin do L80 a mhéadú suas go dtí 0.50 % ar a mhéid má tá an táirge ola-mhúchadh nó polaiméir-múchadh b. Níl aon lamháltas íosta ag an ábhar moluibdín le haghaidh Grád C90 Cineál 1 má tá tiús an bhalla níos lú ná 17.78 mm. c. Féadfar an cion carbóin do R95 a mhéadú suas go dtí 0.55 % ar a mhéad má tá an táirge múchta le hola d. Féadfar an cion moluibdín do T95 Cineál 1 a laghdú go dtí 0.15 % ar a laghad má tá tiús an bhalla níos lú ná 17.78 mm e. I gcás EW Grád P110, beidh an cion fosfair 0.020 % uasta agus an cion sulfair 0.010 % uasta. |
||||||||||||||
Airíonna Meicniúla
| Tábla C.5 – Riachtanais Teanntachta agus Cruais | |||||||||
| Grád | Cineál | Iomlán Fadú Faoi Luchtú |
Neart Toradh MPa |
Teanntachta Neart nó MPa |
Cruas a,c max |
Wal Sonraithe Tiús |
Athrú Incheadaithe Cruas b |
||
| nóim | uas | HRC | HBW | mm | HRC | ||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| H40 | 0.5 | 276 | 552 | 414 | — | ||||
| J55 | — | 0.5 | 379 | 552 | 517 | — | — | ||
| K55 | 0.5 | 379 | 552 | 655 | |||||
| N80 N80 |
1 C |
0.5 0.5 |
552 552 |
758 758 |
689 689 |
— |
一 - | — |
一 |
| R95 | —— | 0.5 | 655 | 758 | 724 | — | — | — | — |
| L80 L80 L80 |
1 9Cr 13Cr |
0.5 0.5 0.5 |
552 552 552 |
655 655 655 |
655 655 655 |
23.0 23.0 23.0 |
241 241 241 |
—— — |
— |
| C90 | 1 | 0.5 | 621 | 724 | 689 | 25.4 | 255 | ≤12.70 12.71 go 19.04 19.05 go 25.39 ≥25.40 |
3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 |
| T95 | 1 | 0.5 | 655 | 758 | 724 | 25.4 | 255 | ≤12.7 12.71 go 19.04 19.05 go 25.39 ≥25.40 |
3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 |
| C110 | 0.7 | 758 | 828 | 793 | 30 | 286 | ≤12.70 12.71 go 19.04 19.05 go 25.39 ≥25.40 |
3.0 .0 5.0 6.0 |
|
| P110 | 0.6 | 758 | 965 | 862 | |||||
| Q125 | 1 | 0.65 |
862 |
1034 |
931 |
b | ≤12.70 12.71 go 19.04 19.05 |
3.0 4.0 5.0 |
|
| a. I gcás díospóide, úsáidfear tástáil chruas saotharlainne Rockwell C mar mhodh an réiteora b. Ní shonraítear aon teorainneacha cruas, ach cuirtear srian ar an athrú uasta mar rialú déantúsaíochta de réir 7.8 agus 7.9 c. I gcás tástálacha cruas trí bhalla de Ghráid L80 (gach cineál), C90, T95 agus C110, baineann na ceanglais a luaitear i scála HRC le huaslíon meánchruas. |
|||||||||
| Sonraigh (i) |
Meáchan (Ib/ft) |
taobh amuigh de thrastomhas (isteach) |
Balla Tiús (isteach) |
Srutha Trastomhas (isteach) |
PlainEnd Wpe (Ib/ft) |
Cineál Deireadh Píob-chríoch | |||||||
| J55/K55 | M65 | L80/R95 | N80 | C90/T95 | C110 | P110 | Q125 | ||||||
| 4.5 | 9.5 | 4.5 | 0.205 | 3.965 | 9.41 | PS | PS | ||||||
| 10.5 | 4.5 | 0.224 | 3.927 | 10.24 | PSB | PSB | |||||||
| 11.6 | 4.5 | 0.25 | 3.875 | 11.36 | PSLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | p | PLB | ||
| 13.5 | 4.5 | 0.29 | 3.795 | 13.05 | PLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | p | PLB | |||
| 15.1 | 4.5 | 0.337 | 3.701 | 15 | PLB | PLB | |||||||
| 5 | 11.5 | 5 | 0.22 | 4.435 | 11.24 | PS | PS | ||||||
| 13 | 5 | 0.253 | 4.369 | 12.84 | PSLB | PSLB | |||||||
| 15 | 5 | 0.296 | 4.283 | 14.88 | PSLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | p | PLB | ||
| 18 | 5 | 0.362 | 4.151 | 17.95 | PLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | p | PLB | PLB | ||
| 21.4 | 5 | 0.437 | 4.001 | 21.32 | PLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | p | PLB | PLB | ||
| 23.2 | 5 | 0.478 | 3.919 | 23.11 | PLB | PLB | PLB | p | PLB | PLB | |||
| 24.1 | 5 | 0.5 | 3.875 | 24.05 | PLB | PLB | PLB | p | PLB | PLB | |||
| 5.5 | 14 | 5.5 | 0.224 | 4.887 | 13.71 | PS | PS | ||||||
| 15.5 | 5.5 | 0.275 | 4.825 | 15.36 | PSLB | PSLB | |||||||
| 17 | 5.5 | 0.304 | 4.767 | 16.89 | PSLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | p | PLB | ||
| 20 | 5.5 | 0.361 | 4.653 | 19.83 | PLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | p | PLB | |||
| 23 | 5.5 | 0.415 | 4.545 | 22.56 | PLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | p | PLB | PLB | ||
| 26.8 | 5.5 | 0.5 | 4.375 | 26.72 | p | p | |||||||
| 29.7 | 5.5 | 0.562 | 4.251 | 29.67 | p | p | |||||||
| 6.625 | 20 | 6.625 | 0.228 | 5.924 | 19.51 | PSLB | PSLB | ||||||
| 24 | 6.625 | 0.352 | 5.796 | 23.6 | PSLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | p | PLB | ||
| 28 | 6.625 | 0.417 | 5.666 | 27.67 | PLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | p | PLB | |||
| 32 | 6.625 | 0.475 | 5.55 | 31.23 | PLB | PLB | PLB | p | PLB | PLB | |||
| 7 | 17 | 7 | 0.231 | 6.413 | 16.72 | ||||||||
| 20 | 7 | 0.272 | 6.331 | 19.56 | PS | PS | |||||||
| 23 | 7 | 0.317 | 6.241 | 22.65 | PSLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | p | |||
| 26 | 7 | 0.362 | 6.151 | 25.69 | PSLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | p | PLB | ||
| 29 | 7 | 0.408 | 6.059 | 28.75 | PLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | p | PLB | |||
| 32 | 7 | 0.453 | 5.969 | 31.7 | PLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | p | PLB | |||
| 35 | 7 | 0.498 | 5.879 | 34.61 | PLB | PLB | PLB | p | PLB | PLB | |||
| 38 | 7 | 0.54 | 5.795 | 37.29 | PLB | PLB | PLB | p | PLB | PLB | |||
| 7.625 | 24 | 7.625 | 0.3 | 6.9 | 23.49 | ||||||||
| 26.2 | 7.625 | 0.328 | 6.844 | 25.59 | PSLB | PSLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | p | |||
| 29.7 | 7.625 | 0.375 | 6.75 | 29.06 | PLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | p | PLB | |||
| 33.7 | 7.625 | 0.43 | 6.64 | 33.07 | PLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | p | PLB | |||
| 39 | 7.625 | 0.5 | 6.5 | 38.08 | PLB | PLB | PLB | p | PLB | PLB | |||
| 42.8 | 7.625 | 0.562 | 6.376 | 42.43 | PLB | PLB | PLB | p | PLB | PLB | |||
| 45.3 | 7.625 | 0.595 | 6.31 | 44.71 | PLB | PLB | PLB | p | PLB | PLB | |||
| 7.75 | 46.1 | 7.75 | 0.595 | 6.435 | 45.51 | p | p | p | p | p | p | ||
| Sonraigh (i) |
Meáchan (b/f) |
Lasmuigh Trastomhas (isteach) |
Balla Tiús (isteach) |
Srutha Trastomhas (isteach) |
Gnáthchríoch Wpe (Ib/ft) |
Cineál Deireadh Píob-chríoch | |||||||
| J55/K55 | M65 | L80/R95 | N80 | C90/T95 | C110 | P110 | Q125 | ||||||
| 8.625 | 24 | 8.625 | 0.264 | 7.972 | 23.60 | PS | PS | ||||||
| 28 | 8.625 | 0.304 | 7.892 | 27.04 | PS | ||||||||
| 32 | 8.625 | 0.352 | 7.796 | 31.13 | PSLB | PSLB | |||||||
| 36 | 8.625 | 0.4 | 7.7 | 35.17 | PSLB | PSLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | p | |||
| 40 | 8.625 | 0.45 | 7.6 | 39.33 | PLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | p | PLB | |||
| 44 | 8.625 | 0.5 | 7.5 | 43.43 | PLB | PLB | PLB | p | PLB | ||||
| 49 | 8.625 | 0.557 | 7.286 | 48.04 | PLB | PLB | PLB | p | PLB | PLB | |||
| 9.625 | 32.3 | 9.625 | 0.312 | 8.845 | 31.06 | ||||||||
| 36 | 9.625 | 0.352 | 8.765 | 34.89 | PSLB | PSLB | |||||||
| 40 | 9.625 | 0.395 | 8.679 | 38.97 | PSLB | PSLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | p | |||
| 43.5 | 9.625 | 0.435 | 8.599 | 42.37 | PLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | p | PLB | |||
| 47 | 9.625 | 0.472 | 8.525 | 46.18 | PLB | PLB | PLB | PLB | p | PLB | PLB | ||
| 53.5 | 9.625 | 0.545 | 8.379 | 52.90 | PLB | PLB | PLB | p | PLB | PLB | |||
| 58.4 | 9.625 | 0.595 | 8.279 | 57.44 | PLB | PLB | PLB | p | PLB | PLB | |||
| 10.75 | 32.75 | 10.75 | 0.279 | 10.036 | 31.23 | ||||||||
| 40.5 | 10.75 | 0.35 | 9.894 | 38.91 | PSB | PSB | |||||||
| 45.5 | 10.75 | 0.4 | 9.794 | 44.26 | PSB | PSB | |||||||
| 51 | 10.75 | 0.45 | 9.694 | 49.55 | PSB | PSB | PSB | PSB | PSB | p | PSB | ||
| 55.5 | 10.75 | 0.495 | 9.604 | 54.26 | PSB | PSB | PSB | PSB | p | PSB | |||
| 60.7 | 10.75 | 0.545 | 9.504 | 59.46 | PSB | p | PSB | PSB | |||||
| 65.7 | 10.75 | 0.595 | 9.404 | 64.59 | PSB | p | PSB | PSB | |||||
| 11.75 | 42 | 11.75 | 0.333 | 10.928 | 40.64 | ||||||||
| 47 | 11.75 | 0.375 | 10.844 | 45.60 | PSB | PSB | |||||||
| 54 | 11.75 | 0.435 | 10.724 | 52.62 | PSB | PSB | |||||||
| 60 | 11.75 | 0.489 | 10.616 | 58.87 | PSB | PSB | PSB | PSB | PSB | p | PSB | PSB | |
| 65 | 11.75 | 0.534 | 10.526 | 64.03 | p | p | p | p | p | p | |||
| 71 | 11.75 | 0.582 | 10.43 | 69.48 | p | p | p | p | p | p | |||
| 13.375 | 48 | 13.375 | 0.33 | 12.559 | 46.02 | ||||||||
| 54.5 | 13.375 | 0.38 | 12.459 | 52.79 | PSB | PSB | |||||||
| 61 | 13.375 | 0.43 | 12.359 | 59.50 | PSB | PSB | |||||||
| 68 | 13.375 | 0.48 | 12.259 | 66.17 | PSB | PSB | PSB | PSB | PSB | p | PSB | ||
| 72 | 13.375 | 0.514 | 12.191 | 70.67 | PSB | PSB | PSB | p | PSB | PSB | |||
| 16 | 65 | 16 | 0.375 | 15.062 | 62.64 | ||||||||
| 75 | 16 | 0.438 | 14.936 | 72.86 | PSB | PSB | |||||||
| 84 | 16 | 0.495 | 14.822 | 82.05 | PSB | PSB | |||||||
| 109 | 16 | 0.656 | 14.5 | 107.6 | p | p | p | p | p | ||||
| 18.625 | 87.5 | 18.625 | 0.435 | 17.567 | 84.59 | PSB | PSB | ||||||
| 20 | 94 | 20 | 0.438 | 18.936 | 91.59 | PSLB | PSLB | ||||||
| 106.5 | 20 | 0.5 | 18.812 | 104.23 | PSLB | PSLB | |||||||
| 133 | 20 | 0.635 | 18.542 | 131.45 | PSLB | ||||||||
| Lipéid | Aifreann Líneach Ainmniúil | Tiús (i) |
Cineál Deiridh-Críoch | ||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | OD (i) |
neamh-trína chéile T&C (Ib/ft) |
foshuiteach T&C (lb/t) |
Integ- Comhpháirteach (lb/f) |
H40 | J55 | L80/R95 | N801.Q Cineál |
C90 | T95 | P110 | |||
| NU T&C |
AE T&C an |
IJ | |||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
| 1.05 | 1.14 | 1.2 | 1.050 | 1.14 | 1.2 | 0.113 | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | |||
| 1.48 | 1.54 | 1.050 | 1.48 | 1.54 | 0.154 | PU | PU | PU | PU | PU | PU | PU | |||
| 1.315 | 1.7 | 1.80 | 1.72 | 1.315 | 1.7 | 1.80 | 1.72 | 0.133 | PNUI | PNUI | PNUI | PNUI | PNUI | PNUI | |
| 2.19 | 2.24 | 1.315 | 2.19 | 2.24 | 0.179 | PU | PU | PU | PU | PU | PU | PU | |||
| 1.66 | 2.09 | 2.10 | 1.66 | 2.10 | 0.125 | PI | PI | PI | PI | PI | PI | PI | |||
| 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.33 | 1.66 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.33 | 0.14 | PNUI | PNUI | PNUI | PNUI | PNUI | PNUI | PNUI | |
| 3.03 | 3.07 | 1.66 | 3.03 | 3.07 | 0.191 | PU | PU | PU | PU | PU | PU | PU | |||
| 1.9 | 2.4 | 2.40 | 1.9 | 2.40 | 0.125 | PI | PI | PI | PI | PI | PI | PI | |||
| 2.75 | 2.9 | 2.76 | 1.9 | 2.75 | 2.9 | 2.76 | 0.145 | PNUI | PNUI | PNUI | PNUI | PNUI | PNUI | PNUI | |
| 3.65 | 3.73 | 1.9 | 3.65 | 3.73 | 0.2 | PU | PU | PU | PU | PU | PU | PU | |||
| 4.42 | 1.9 | 4.42 | 0.25 | ||||||||||||
| 5.15 | 1.9 | 5.15 | 0.3 | ||||||||||||
| 2.063 | 3.24 | 3.25 | 2.063 | 3.25 | 0.156 | PI | PI | PI | PI | PI | PI | PI | |||
| 4.50 | 2.063 | 0.225 | p | p | p | p | p | p | p | ||||||
| 2-3/8 | 4 | 2.375 | 4 | 0.167 | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | |||||
| 4.6 | 4.7 | 2.375 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 0.19 | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | |||
| 5.8 | 5.95 | 2.375 | 5.8 | 5.95 | 0.254 | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | |||||
| 6.6 | 2.375 | 6.6 | 0.295 | p | p | p | |||||||||
| 7.35 | 7.45 | 2.375 | 7.35 | 7.45 | 0.336 | PU | PU | PU | |||||||
| 2-7/8 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 2.875 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 0.217 | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | ||
| 7.8 | 7.9 | 2.875 | 7.8 | 7.9 | 0.276 | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | |||||
| 8.6 | 8.7 | 2.875 | 8.6 | 8.7 | 0.308 | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | |||||
| 9.35 | 9.45 | 2.875 | 9.35 | 9.45 | 0.34 | PU | PU | PU | |||||||
| 10.5 | 2.875 | 10.5 | 0.392 | p | p | p | |||||||||
| 11.5 | 2.875 | 11.5 | 0.44 | p | p | p | |||||||||
| 3-1/2 | 7.7 | 3.5 | 7.7 | 0.216 | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | |||||
| 9.2 | 9.3 | 3.5 | 9.2 | 9.3 | 0.254 | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | |||
| 10.2 | 3.5 | 10.2 | 0.289 | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | ||||||
| 12.7 | 12.95 | 3.5 | 12.7 | 12.95 | 0.375 | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | |||||
| 14.3 | 3.5 | 14.3 | 0.43 | p | p | p | |||||||||
| 15.5 | 3.5 | 15.5 | 0.476 | p | p | p | |||||||||
| 17 | 3.5 | 17 | 0.53 | p | p | p | |||||||||
| 4-1/2 | 9.5 | 4 | 9.5 | 0.226 | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | |||||
| 10.7 | 11 | 4 | 11 | 0.262 | PU | PU | PU | PU | PU | PU | |||||
| 13.2 | 4 | 13.2 | 0.33 | p | p | p | |||||||||
| 16.1 | 4 | 16.1 | 0.415 | p | p | p | |||||||||
| 18.9 | 4 | 18.9 | 0.5 | p | p | p | |||||||||
| 22.2 | 4 | 22.2 | 0.61 | p | p | p | |||||||||
| 12.6 | 12.75 | 4.5 | 12.6 | 12.75 | 0.271 | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | PNU | ||||
| 15.2 | 4.5 | 15.2 | 0.337 | p | p | p | |||||||||
| 17 | 4.5 | 17 | 0.38 | p | p | p | |||||||||
| 18.9 | 4.5 | 18.9 | 0.43 | p | p | p | |||||||||
| 21.5 | 4.5 | 21.5 | 0.5 | p | p | p | |||||||||
| 23.7 | 4.5 | 23.7 | 0.56 | p | p | p | |||||||||
| 26.1 | 4.5 | 26.1 | 0.63 | p | p | p | |||||||||
Brathadóir Maighnéadach
Úsáidtear MPT chun scoilteanna dromchla nó lochtanna in ábhair ferromagnetic a aithint trí réimse maighnéadach a chur i bhfeidhm agus cáithníní maighnéadacha a úsáid.
Tástáil Hidreastatach
Is modh coitianta é tástáil hidreastatach a úsáidtear chun neart agus sláine píopaí cruach gan uaim a mheas. Is éard atá i gceist leis an tástáil seo an píopa a líonadh le huisce agus é a bhrú go leibhéal sonraithe chun a sheiceáil an bhfuil aon sceitheadh nó laigí struchtúracha ann.
Tástálaí Cruas Brinell
Tomhaiseann tástáil cruas cruas an ábhair, rud atá tábhachtach chun a fhriotaíocht i gcoinne dífhoirmithe agus caitheamh a mheas.